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1 (Regional) Museum of Local Lore, History and Economy
Общая лексика: краеведческий музейУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > (Regional) Museum of Local Lore, History and Economy
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2 Institute for Quality and Economy in Health Care
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Institute for Quality and Economy in Health Care
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3 be added to the List of Companies of Strategic Importance for National Security and Economy
Общая лексика: входить в перечень предприятий, которые имеют стратегическое значение для экономики и безопасности государства (контекстуальный перевод на английский язык)Универсальный англо-русский словарь > be added to the List of Companies of Strategic Importance for National Security and Economy
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4 comfort and economy
Общая лексика: комфортность и экономичность -
5 finance-and-economy department
Экономика: финансово-экономический отделУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > finance-and-economy department
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6 Museum of Local Lore, History and Economy
Общая лексика: (Regional) краеведческий музейУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > Museum of Local Lore, History and Economy
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7 Relations between ecology and economy
علاقات بين البيئة والاقتصادEnglish-Arabic economic glossary > Relations between ecology and economy
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8 Law and Economy Committee
• laki- ja talousvaliokunta -
9 work and economy division
• työ- ja taloustoimisto -
10 finance-and-economy department
English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > finance-and-economy department
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11 mixed freight and economy class version
n вантажопасажирський економічний змішаний варіантEnglish-Ukrainian military dictionary > mixed freight and economy class version
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12 Economy
Portugal's economy, under the influence of the European Economic Community (EEC), and later with the assistance of the European Union (EU), grew rapidly in 1985-86; through 1992, the average annual growth was 4-5 percent. While such growth rates did not last into the late 1990s, portions of Portugal's society achieved unprecedented prosperity, although poverty remained entrenched. It is important, however, to place this current growth, which includes some not altogether desirable developments, in historical perspective. On at least three occasions in this century, Portugal's economy has experienced severe dislocation and instability: during the turbulent First Republic (1911-25); during the Estado Novo, when the world Depression came into play (1930-39); and during the aftermath of the Revolution of 25 April, 1974. At other periods, and even during the Estado Novo, there were eras of relatively steady growth and development, despite the fact that Portugal's weak economy lagged behind industrialized Western Europe's economies, perhaps more than Prime Minister Antônio de Oliveira Salazar wished to admit to the public or to foreigners.For a number of reasons, Portugal's backward economy underwent considerable growth and development following the beginning of the colonial wars in Africa in early 1961. Recent research findings suggest that, contrary to the "stagnation thesis" that states that the Estado Novo economy during the last 14 years of its existence experienced little or no growth, there were important changes, policy shifts, structural evolution, and impressive growth rates. In fact, the average annual gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate (1961-74) was about 7 percent. The war in Africa was one significant factor in the post-1961 economic changes. The new costs of finance and spending on the military and police actions in the African and Asian empires in 1961 and thereafter forced changes in economic policy.Starting in 1963-64, the relatively closed economy was opened up to foreign investment, and Lisbon began to use deficit financing and more borrowing at home and abroad. Increased foreign investment, residence, and technical and military assistance also had effects on economic growth and development. Salazar's government moved toward greater trade and integration with various international bodies by signing agreements with the European Free Trade Association and several international finance groups. New multinational corporations began to operate in the country, along with foreign-based banks. Meanwhile, foreign tourism increased massively from the early 1960s on, and the tourism industry experienced unprecedented expansion. By 1973-74, Portugal received more than 8 million tourists annually for the first time.Under Prime Minister Marcello Caetano, other important economic changes occurred. High annual economic growth rates continued until the world energy crisis inflation and a recession hit Portugal in 1973. Caetano's system, through new development plans, modernized aspects of the agricultural, industrial, and service sectors and linked reform in education with plans for social change. It also introduced cadres of forward-looking technocrats at various levels. The general motto of Caetano's version of the Estado Novo was "Evolution with Continuity," but he was unable to solve the key problems, which were more political and social than economic. As the boom period went "bust" in 1973-74, and growth slowed greatly, it became clear that Caetano and his governing circle had no way out of the African wars and could find no easy compromise solution to the need to democratize Portugal's restive society. The economic background of the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was a severe energy shortage caused by the world energy crisis and Arab oil boycott, as well as high general inflation, increasing debts from the African wars, and a weakening currency. While the regime prescribed greater Portuguese investment in Africa, in fact Portuguese businesses were increasingly investing outside of the escudo area in Western Europe and the United States.During the two years of political and social turmoil following the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the economy weakened. Production, income, reserves, and annual growth fell drastically during 1974-76. Amidst labor-management conflict, there was a burst of strikes, and income and productivity plummeted. Ironically, one factor that cushioned the economic impact of the revolution was the significant gold reserve supply that the Estado Novo had accumulated, principally during Salazar's years. Another factor was emigration from Portugal and the former colonies in Africa, which to a degree reduced pressures for employment. The sudden infusion of more than 600,000 refugees from Africa did increase the unemployment rate, which in 1975 was 10-15 percent. But, by 1990, the unemployment rate was down to about 5-6 percent.After 1985, Portugal's economy experienced high growth rates again, which averaged 4-5 percent through 1992. Substantial economic assistance from the EEC and individual countries such as the United States, as well as the political stability and administrative continuity that derived from majority Social Democratic Party (PSD) governments starting in mid-1987, supported new growth and development in the EEC's second poorest country. With rapid infrastruc-tural change and some unregulated development, Portugal's leaders harbored a justifiable concern that a fragile environment and ecology were under new, unacceptable pressures. Among other improvements in the standard of living since 1974 was an increase in per capita income. By 1991, the average minimum monthly wage was about 40,000 escudos, and per capita income was about $5,000 per annum. By the end of the 20th century, despite continuing poverty at several levels in Portugal, Portugal's economy had made significant progress. In the space of 15 years, Portugal had halved the large gap in living standards between itself and the remainder of the EU. For example, when Portugal joined the EU in 1986, its GDP, in terms of purchasing power-parity, was only 53 percent of the EU average. By 2000, Portugal's GDP had reached 75 percent of the EU average, a considerable achievement. Whether Portugal could narrow this gap even further in a reasonable amount of time remained a sensitive question in Lisbon. Besides structural poverty and the fact that, in 2006, the EU largesse in structural funds (loans and grants) virtually ceased, a major challenge for Portugal's economy will be to reduce the size of the public sector (about 50 percent of GDP is in the central government) to increase productivity, attract outside investment, and diversify the economy. For Portugal's economic planners, the 21st century promises to be challenging. -
13 economy
i'konəmi1) (the thrifty, careful management of money etc to avoid waste: Please use the water with economy; We must make economies in household spending.) economía2) (organization of money and resources: the country's economy; household economy.) economía•- economic- economical
- economically
- economics
- economist
- economize
- economise
economy n economíatr[ɪ'kɒnəmɪ]1 (saving) economía, ahorro\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLeconomy class clase nombre femenino turistaeconomy drive ajuste nombre masculino económicaeconomy size tamaño familiar1) : economía f, sistema m económico2) thrift: economía f, ahorro mn.• ahorramiento s.m.• ahorro s.m.• economía s.f.ɪ'kɑːnəmi, iː-, ɪ'kɒnəmi1) c ( economic state or system of country) economía fa mixed/market economy — una economía mixta/de mercado
2)a) c ( saving)to make economies — economizar*, hacer* economía(s)
economies of scale — economías fpl de escala
b) u ( thrift) economía f; (before n) <pack, size> familiareconomy class — clase f turista
[ɪ'kɒnǝmɪ]economy class syndrome — ɪ'kɑːnəmiˌklæs, ɪ'kɒnəmiˌklɑːs mass noun síndrome m de la clase turista
1. N1) (=thrift) economía f ; (=a saving) ahorro meconomy of scale — economía f de escala
to make economies — economizar, ahorrar
2) (=system) economía f2.CPDeconomy class N — clase f económica or turista
economy class syndrome N — síndrome m de la clase turista
economy drive N —
to have an economy drive — economizar, ahorrar
economy measure N — medida f económica
economy pack N — (Comm) envase m familiar
economy size N — tamaño m familiar
* * *[ɪ'kɑːnəmi, iː-, ɪ'kɒnəmi]1) c ( economic state or system of country) economía fa mixed/market economy — una economía mixta/de mercado
2)a) c ( saving)to make economies — economizar*, hacer* economía(s)
economies of scale — economías fpl de escala
b) u ( thrift) economía f; (before n) <pack, size> familiareconomy class — clase f turista
economy class syndrome — [ɪ'kɑːnəmiˌklæs, ɪ'kɒnəmiˌklɑːs] mass noun síndrome m de la clase turista
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14 economy
noun2) (instance) Einsparung, die* * *[i'konəmi]1) (the thrifty, careful management of money etc to avoid waste: Please use the water with economy; We must make economies in household spending.) die Sparsamkeit2) (organization of money and resources: the country's economy; household economy.) die Wirtschaft•- academic.ru/23307/economic">economic- economical
- economically
- economics
- economist
- economize
- economise* * *econo·my[ɪˈkɒnəmi, AM -ˈkɑ:n-]nsubdued/ailing \economy gedämpfte/schwache Konjunkturfor the purposes of \economy aus Ersparnisgründento make economies Einsparungen machen, Sparmaßnahmen durchführen\economy of language prägnante Ausdrucksweiseeconomies of scale Economies of Scale pl, Skaleneffekte pl, Mengeneffekte pl, Größenvorteile pl, Größendegression f* * *[I'kɒnəmɪ]nwhat is the state of the economy? — wie ist die Wirtschaftslage/Konjunktur?
2) (= saving in time, money) Sparmaßnahme f, Einsparung feconomies of scale — Einsparungen pl durch erhöhte Produktion
to make economies — zu Sparmaßnahmen greifen, Einsparungen machen
3) (= thrift) Sparsamkeit feconomy of language/expression — knappe Sprache/Ausdrucksweise
with economy of effort — mit sparsamem Kräfteaufwand
* * *A s1. Sparsamkeit f, Wirtschaftlichkeit f2. figa) sparsame Anwendung (of gen)b) Sparsamkeit f in den (künstlerischen) Mitteln:dramatic economy dramatische Knappheit3. a) Sparmaßnahme fb) Einsparung fc) Ersparnis f4. WIRTSCHa) Wirtschaft(ssystem) f(n)b) Wirtschaftslehre f5. organisches System, Anordnung f, Aufbau m6. RELa) göttliche Weltordnungb) verständige Handhabung (einer Doktrin)B adj Spar…:economy car Wagen m mit geringen Betriebskosten;in economy class in der Economyklasse;economy drive Sparmaßnahmen pl;economy price günstiger oder niedriger Preis;economy-priced billig, preisgünstigecon. abk1. economic3. economy* * *noun2) (instance) Einsparung, die3) (of country etc.) Wirtschaft, die* * *n.Wirtschaftlichkeit f.Wirtschaftssystem n. -
15 economy
[ɪ'kɔnəmɪ]n1) хозяйство, экономика, народное хозяйство- peacetime economy
- political economy
- national economy
- market economy
- rural economy
- robber economy
- shaky economy
- sound economy
- wartime economy2) бережливость, экономность, расчёт, расчётливость, экономияWe are making all possible economies for we are going to buy a house. — Мы экономим на всем, так как собираемся покупать дом.
He switched off all the lights as an economy measure. — Он всюду потушил свет для экономии электроэнергии
- considerable economy- economy measures
- economy car
- economy class
- economy of time and effort
- economy of words
- for reasons of economy
- for economy of space
- with a view to economy
- achieve the utmost economy
- exercise economy
- practise economy
- travel economy class -
16 economy
[i'konəmi]1) (the thrifty, careful management of money etc to avoid waste: Please use the water with economy; We must make economies in household spending.) økonomi2) (organization of money and resources: the country's economy; household economy.) økonomi•- economic- economical
- economically
- economics
- economist
- economize
- economise* * *[i'konəmi]1) (the thrifty, careful management of money etc to avoid waste: Please use the water with economy; We must make economies in household spending.) økonomi2) (organization of money and resources: the country's economy; household economy.) økonomi•- economic- economical
- economically
- economics
- economist
- economize
- economise -
17 economy
i'konəmi1) (the thrifty, careful management of money etc to avoid waste: Please use the water with economy; We must make economies in household spending.) økonomi, sparsomhet2) (organization of money and resources: the country's economy; household economy.) samfunnsøkonomi, husholdning•- economic- economical
- economically
- economics
- economist
- economize
- economisesparing--------økonomisubst. \/ɪˈkɒnəmɪ\/1) sparsommelighet, økonomi, økonomisering, besparelse, innsparing, innstramning2) økonomi, økonomisk forvaltning, økonomisk system3) organisasjon, oppbygning, struktur, system4) forsiktighet, tilbakeholdenhet, økonomi5) ( religion) læresystem6) ( religion) forvaltning av læren (i et gitt miljø)7) ( gammeldags) husholdningdivine economy ( religion) guddommelig ordning, guddommelig innretningeconomies besparelser, innsparinger, innstramningereconomy of (god) utnyttelse av, sparsommelighet med, -sparing, -besparelsethe economy of nature\/natures eller nature's economy naturens husholdningeffect economies foreta (økonomiske) innstramninger, sparenational economy samfunnsøkonomipractise (strict) economy være (svært) sparsom, være (veldig) økonomisk -
18 economy
[i'konəmi]1) (the thrifty, careful management of money etc to avoid waste: Please use the water with economy; We must make economies in household spending.) varčevanje2) (organization of money and resources: the country's economy; household economy.) gospodarstvo•- economic- economical
- economically
- economics
- economist
- economize
- economise* * *[i:kɔnəmi]noungospodarstvo; varčnost; varčevanje; ureditev, organizacijaeconomy of space (labour, time) — varčevanje s prostorom (delovno močjo, časom) -
19 economy
• ekonomia• edullinen• rakennefinance, business, economy• talousfinance, business, economy• talouselämä• taloudellisuusfinance, business, economy• talousjärjestelmä• talousaskare• tarkoituksenmukainen järjestely• säästeliäs käyttö• säästäväisyys* * *i'konəmi1) (the thrifty, careful management of money etc to avoid waste: Please use the water with economy; We must make economies in household spending.) säästäväisyys2) (organization of money and resources: the country's economy; household economy.) talous•- economic- economical
- economically
- economics
- economist
- economize
- economise -
20 economy
[i'konəmi]1) (the thrifty, careful management of money etc to avoid waste: Please use the water with economy; We must make economies in household spending.) economia2) (organization of money and resources: the country's economy; household economy.) economia•- economic- economical
- economically
- economics
- economist
- economize
- economise* * *e.con.o.my[ik'6n2mi] n 1 economia, parcimônia, moderação. 2 administração, organização. 3 economia, sistema econômico. • adj 1 econômico, barato, compensador. 2 que visa a poupar dinheiro. planned economy economia dirigida. political economy economia política.
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